Bonnaya ciliata (Colsm.) Spreng.

Bonnaya ciliata, known as kecapung, is a weed herb that grows wild from India and Japan to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Despite being classified as a weed, this plant has long been used in traditional medicine for various ailments, from digestive disorders to skin problems.

Bonnaya ciliata can be found growing in sunny or shaded areas, grassy areas, wastelands, roadsides, fallow fields, rainfed rice fields, disturbed places, at elevations from sea level up to 1,300 m asl. This species generally grows in light, sandy, or gravelly soil, often in clusters, and prefers moist locations. This species is also able to tolerate a few days of submersion.

• Roots a taproot, white or brown.
• Stem much-branched, the branches bent and sometimes rooting at their last node, square-shaped, solid, hairless or hairy. Stipules absent.
• Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, base rounded, tip blunt to acute, margin aristate-dentate, sessile.
• Flowers bisexual, solitary or clustered in axillary or terminal racemes, stalked. Calyx has 5 lobes and is linear, while the corolla is pink or bluish pink, curved tubular with 5 petals, 2-lipped. Ovary about 2-3 mm long, elongate. Bracts leafy, about 2-3 mm long. Stamens 2, anthers unequal, staminodes with divergent hooks.
• Fruit a capsule about 1-1.5 cm long, linear, winged septum, exceeding the calyx.
• Seeds black.

Propagation is generative through seed.

β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lup-20(29)en-3β-ol, flavonoids, phenolic compounds.

A postpartum remedy, treats menorrhagia (excessive menstruation), gonorrhea, jaundice, urination disorders, headache, liver complaints, spleen disease, constipation, cough, worm infestation, skin diseases, diabetes, anemia, bronchitis, asthma, reduces fever, addresses loss of appetite, hypertension. Has hepatoprotective (liver-protective) activity.

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