Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch.

Buah tinta (Breynia vitis-idaea) is a shrub up to 3 meters tall of the Phyllanthaceae family, distributed from Southeast Asia and India to China and Japan, with its Indonesian range covering Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Its leaves are traditionally prepared to relieve tonsillitis and postpartum pain, while its stem is used to address rheumatism and stop bleeding.

Buah tinta can grow in deciduous forest, moist deciduous forest, dry plains, and lowlands below 1,000 m above sea level.

• Stem rough, grayish-brown, with vertical striations.
• Leaves cross-arranged, ovate, dark green. The leaf surface has a hard, rough waxy layer.
• Flowers male and female separate from one another. Green or yellow in color, with a 3-4 mm flower stalk, producing round fruit 6-7 mm in diameter.
• Fruit reddish-green, turning black when ripe.
• Seeds three-sided and light brown.

• Propagated generatively (by seed) and vegetatively (by stem cuttings).
• Seeds come from ripe fruit. Seeds are harvested by opening the fruit, then cleaned of the flesh, washed, and dried.

Benzoylarbutin, breynioside B, glycosides, tannins, 6-O-benzyl-α-D-glucose, beta-sitosterol, triacontane, ceryl alcohol, lanosterol, pentatriacontanoic acid, canangaionoside, breynin, saponins, flavonoids.

Leaves: treats tonsillitis, relieves postpartum pain, treats blistered skin and skin diseases, reduces fever, treats jaundice. Stem: treats rheumatism and stops bleeding.

• Harvest fresh leaves and wash thoroughly.
• Dry in the shade for several days or in an oven at 40 °C until the moisture content is 10%.
• Pound into a powder.
• Store the dried material in a closed container.

Information not found. Further research needed.