Calamus draco Willd.

Jernang, or dragon's blood (Calamus draco), is a clump-forming rattan of the Arecaceae family that can trail up to 15 meters, growing naturally in only three countries in the world: Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, with the greatest potential in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Its distinctive red sap is used by communities as medicine and as a natural dye for marble, ceramics, and rattan crafts. Traditionally, dragon's blood sap is also believed to help prevent wound infection and treat dysentery.

Grows in tropical forests at elevations of around 800 m above sea level, rainfall of 1,000–1,500 mm/year, light intensity of 50–55%, air humidity of 60–92%, and air temperature of 23.4–29.4 °C. Lowland forests and shaded locations are very suitable for dragon's blood growth. Favors humus-rich soil with a soil pH of 5.5–6.2.

• Stem slender and flexible, 2-3 cm in diameter, covered with small, sharp thorns.
• Leaves green, consisting of leaflet blades arranged in pairs. The underside of the leaf is slightly concave.
• Fruit round, small, clustered on a single bunch.

• Seedlings are propagated from seed and offshoots.
• Dragon's blood can be harvested twice a year.

Dracorhodin, dracorubin, dracooxepine, dracoalban, dracoresene, dracoresinotannol, dracoflavan, nordracohobin, nordracorubin, abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, isopimaric acid, pimaric acid, sandaracopimaric acid, benzoic acid, secobiflavanoid, dammaradienol.

Treats dysentery; helps prevent wound infection; helps stabilize body metabolism; antibacterial; supports oral health; helps protect and support eye health; addresses anemia complaints; anti-aging.

• Place dragon's blood fruit in a cylindrical container (wet extraction device) then add water.
• Rotate the device 1,000 times until the resin attached to the skin fully dissolves in the water, then strain to separate the debris or residue.
• Place the strained water solution in a container for 3 days so the resin settles and floats.
• Separate the resin from the water, then air-dry the resin until its moisture content is 6%.
• The resulting resin is around 7% of the fruit's weight.

Rotan, Jornang (Riau), Limbayung (West Sumatra).