Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Kluwih, or breadnut (Artocarpus altilis), is a tree up to 15 meters tall of the Moraceae family, native to Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with one of its distribution centers in Maluku. Its iron-rich fruit is commonly cooked as a vegetable and is believed to help address anemia by boosting red blood cells. Beyond that, kluwih is also traditionally used to relieve toothache and help control diabetes.

Grows well in lowlands up to an elevation of 1,550 m above sea level with average rainfall of 1,300-3,800 mm/year. Commonly found along riverbanks and even in swampy areas.

• Roots taproot, brown.
• Trunk erect, sympodial branching, latex-bearing, rough surface, brown.
• Leaves green, simple, alternate, oblong, tapering tip and base, notched margins, pinnate venation, hairy on the upper and lower veins.
• Fruit oval, light green to yellowish rind, spiny. Its flesh is whitish-yellow.
• Seeds kidney-shaped, 3-5 cm long, 12-150 per fruit, brown.

• Propagated generatively (by seed).
• Seedlings are ready for transplanting once about 60-70 cm tall. Planting holes are made 50 x 50 x 40 cm in size.

Leaves: friedelinol, squalene, sitosterol, stigmasterol, phytol. Stem: polyprenol, cycloartenol, cycloartenol acetate.

Treats toothache, diabetes; has anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antimalarial, antihypertensive, and antituberculosis activity.

• Prepare fresh kluwih leaves, then wash thoroughly under running water.
• Cut the leaves into small pieces, then dry using a dryer at 40 °C for 5 days.
• Once dry, grind the leaves into a powder.
• Store the dried material in a clean, airtight container.

Gomu (Malay), Kalawi (Minangkabau), Kaluwih (Lampung), Kelewih (Sunda), Kolor (Madura), Kolo (Bima).