Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Müll.Arg.

Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa) is a fruit tree up to 15-30 meters tall of the Phyllanthaceae family, native to Southeast Asia, distributed from Thailand to Maluku, with its native habitat on the island of Java. Its sweet-sour fruit is commonly eaten fresh, while its leaves are traditionally used as medicine. Kepundung is believed to support heart and bone health and help relieve menstrual pain.

Lives in a tropical climate. Grows in lowlands to highlands at elevations of 1,000 m above sea level. Preferred soil types are dry sandy alluvial soil or loamy/clay soil. Ideal temperature 21-28°C with adaptation tolerance of 14-34°C.

• Root a taproot, dirty white.
• Stem upright, woody, round, rough, sympodial branching, whitish-brown.
• Leaves single, scattered, oblong, serrated edges, pointed tip, rounded base.
• Flowers compound, unisexual, cup-shaped sepals,
• Fruit a berry, round, ± 2 cm in diameter, green when young turning yellow when mature.
• Seeds round, ± 0.5 cm in diameter, yellowish-white in color.

• Propagated by seed, air layering, and grafting.
• Kepundung will start bearing fruit at 7-8 years of age for seed-origin seedlings, while with air layering only 3-4 years is enough.

Saponin, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, polyphenol, terpenoid.

Maintains heart, bone, tooth, eye and skin health, addresses menstrual pain (promotes flow), remedy for diarrhea, has anti-inflammatory activity.

• Collect fresh kepundung leaves. Wash with water thoroughly then drain.
• Air-dry in a shaded place for 3-5 days.
• Once dry, pack the simplisia in a clean, airtight container.

Kepundung, Kapundung, Kemundung, Rusip, Kisip (Sumatra), Engkuni, Enkunik, Kayu masam, Longkuno, Moho liok (Kalimantan), Menteng.